Australia s Constitutional Democracy And The Federal System

Throughout this essay, a comparison of both Australia’s constitutional democracy and the federal republic system in the United States will take place. Australia and the United States are both a part of the federal system. Within the federal system, the national and state governments divide the power in order to govern (Parliamentary Education Office, 2016). Both Australia and the United States have two chambers, the House of Representatives and the Senate. Parliament Education office, (2016) states that there are numerous similarities between these two countries, for example, both these nations decide on the making of legal guidelines for their government. However, Australia and the United States have different forms of government and this affects how the political system is managed. Australia is a constitutional monarchy, in which the queen is the head of the state (ABC, 2004), and the United States is the federal republic where the President is the head of state (Parliamenta ry Education Office, 2016). A constitution is a formal structure for the state and specifies the power and institutions of the central government and its relationship with different levels. Additionally, it expresses the rights of citizens and creates limits on the government (Hague Harrop, 2013). In a republic government, the people and their elected representative have the power and there may be an elected or nominated president (Stevenson, 2010). A constitutional democracy and the federal republicShow MoreRelatedAustralia s Parliamentary Democracy And If It Is Effective1287 Words   |  6 PagesAustralia, a country with a population of more than 22 million has quite the complex governmental system. Australia is known as a federation, a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary democracy all in one. As a result, Australia has a queen, who resides in the United Kingdom, but is represented by a Governor-General in Australia. Following, a Prime Minister governs the country. In ad dition, there is a two-chamber Commonwealth Parliament that makes the laws. This diverse government is often referredRead MoreThe Australian Constitution1230 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The Australian Constitution was drafted at a series of constitutional conventions held in the 1890s. It was passed by the British Parliament as part of the Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act 1900 and took effect on 1 January 1901. The Constitution is the legal framework for how Australia is governed and it can only be changed by referendum.† â€Å"A constitution is a set of rules by which a country or state is run.† Some countries have unwritten constitutions which means there is no formal constitutionRead MoreDemocracy And The Australian Political System Essay1627 Words   |  7 PagesDemocracy is produced in the Australian political system to created a fair society, however it is ironically produced by non-democratic and democratic instruments. The extent to which the Australian political system produces a democratic and fair society is dependent upon instruments such as the Constitution, Bicameral parliament, Separation of powers, Representative government, Responsible government and the ethic and values during a particular time. An instrument in the Australian political systemRead MoreAustralia And The United States1261 Words   |  6 PagesAustralia and the United States of America are two modern, democratic, English-speaking countries both initially settled by the British. Captain James Cook led a fleet of settlers and convicts into the Botany Bay in Australia in 1788. The United States declared its Independence in 1776, and fought a war with the British to obtain that independence. Australia began with a central government, then the states came about and, lastly, local governments came into being (Australia.gov.au, 2014). It wasRead MoreAustralia s Present Laws Regulating Human Rights1547 Words   |  7 PagesIn Australia, present laws regulating human rights are protected in unlike most similar liberal democracies; Australia has no Bill of Rights to protect human rights in a single document. Rather rights may be found across the Constitution, common law and legislation – Acts passed by the Commo nwealth Parliament or State or Territory Parliaments. This allows legislatures and judiciaries a complementary role in protecting rights. This is the most fluid and flexible system but the least secure in termsRead MoreThe Expectancy Indicator Of Australia1362 Words   |  6 Pagesyears old. In comparison to America’s record high of 78.8, this is a huge difference in time. I believe that the expectancy of life in Australia is longer than most other counties due to the Environment Performance Index that was discussed above. I think that there is a direct and precise correlation between a clean environment and a clean body. Overall, Australia is also less densely populated, even in the bigger cities, this reduces the spread of disease, sickness, fumes, and other environmentalRead MoreThe Proposed Law For Strip Terrorists Of Australian Citizenship Will Have Implications For The Rule Of Law1628 Words   |  7 PagesESSAY 1 – 150 words The proposed law to strip terrorists of Australian citizenship will have implications for the rule of law in Australia. To support my argument, I will define what the rule of law is in Australia, the impacts it has on Australian legislation and two factors that are tied in with the rule of law: retrospective laws and the separation of powers. In order to support my opinion of the above statement, I will use several methods of research, which will include the following sources;Read MoreThe Freedom Of Association And Its Social, Logical, Political And Cultural Contexts2437 Words   |  10 Pagesrights, it is absent from the Constitution of Australia. In the present paper, an attempt has been made, first of all to analyse the effect of consulting laws on the freedom of association in its social, logical, political and cultural contexts. As mentioned above, there is no explicit right to freedom of association that has been provided by the Constitution of Australia. However during the last decade, a view has been expressed by the High Court of Australia that the Australian Constitution containsRead MoreCapital, Size Of Population Living Within The Capital1697 Words   |  7 Pagesbiodiversity and habitats, and climate and energy. Australia scored greater than 80 in all sections except for three – fisheries, agricultu re, and climate and energy. These scores brought them down to an overall third place among all of the countries that were ranked. The low scores were due to increasing CO2 intensities, low stock in fish and high coastal shelf fishing pressure, and low pesticide regulation within the agricultural business. As a whole, Australia seems to take great pride in their naturalRead MorePluralism and Public Choice2968 Words   |  12 Pagesthat recognises and values diversity. A major proponent of Pluralist ideals as fundamental to defeating the more ignoble of human behaviour was Isaiah Berlin (1909-1997). In his last essay he wrote, â€Å"If pluralism is a valid view, and respect between systems of values which are not necessarily hostile to each other is possible, then toleration and liberal consequences follow†( Berlin 1998). As such, Pluralism in any area of human endeavour is commonly regarded as a characteristic of a free society

Police Brutality And The Racism It Fosters Essay - 1710 Words

Police Brutality and the Racism It Fosters A controversial topic for decades, one issue that has made a noticeable impact in modern day society, especially in the year of 2015, is that of police brutality. Stemming from deep-rooted and institutionalized racism within law enforcement and other surrounding fields, it has sparked a firestorm of opposition, with many American citizens up in arms over the target that’s been seemingly casted on the backs of the black community. Despite the various protocols that have been implemented as a means of placing a more critical eye on law enforcement, we are still seeing more and more cases of excessive police force being committed daily without any sort of justice for these victims. The idea that an officer on duty has more legal protection than that of a normal civilian must have some merit, as a study done by Cato Institute found that â€Å"When police officers are charged, they are convicted at a lower rate than people in the gener al populace.† (Elinson and Palazzolo). By granting these officers more rights and not holding them to same authoritative ruling regular citizens are ordered to follow, it allows for corruption and discrimination in the forces that are expected to help us. Without reprimanding the police for violation of conduct, we will continue to see the same issues arise for many years to come. The main contention in combatting police brutality is finding a solution that works. Many protocols have been utilized overShow MoreRelatedA Theory That Builds Upon Conflict Theory1703 Words   |  7 PagesUsing this theory, I will examine the police targeting of citizens, more specifically the politically ostracized, and the spatial and temporal contexts in which this specific targeting occurs. Symbolic Interactionism gives emphasis on the individual meanings and the influences that socialization has when explaining the micro or individual level on interactions between the police and the politic ally ostracized, which is vitally important to this police brutality examination. Since the sometimes-violentRead MoreRacism And Race Related Issues1194 Words   |  5 Pagescomes to racism and race related issues, we only hear one voice. Media said that many of the writers covering these topics in the past have been from the majority white men, writing about issues that don t really affect them. These issues should be covered by black writers men, or women. A lot of racial incidents has been happening in African American communities, such as the police brutality in Ferguson, and Baltimore between 2014 and 2015. Racism, discrimination, and police brutality, which willRead MoreBlack Women And The Black Lives Essay1418 Words   |  6 Pagesgroup of people I would like to examine is black women. Black women often believe the Black Lives Matter Movement is very male-centered. A number of women such as Yvette Smith, Tyisha Miller, Miriam Carey, and many others have been victims of police brutality. When these women were brutalized or even killed, their names weren’t raised, and they didn’t garner much attention. This conveys the idea that black males’ lives are more important than black females’ lives. This brings about the issue of solidarity;Read MoreWhite Like Me By Tim Wise951 Words   |  4 Pagesreassured their beliefs that there was no longer such thing as racism and that every American had equal rights a nd opportunity to pursue the American dream. While many people have come to believe that all races have equal rights in America, Tim Wise argues in his documentary â€Å"White Like Me† that not only does racism and unconscious racial bias still exist, but that also White Americans are unable to simply relate to the variety of forms racism and inequality Blacks experience. This is mainly because ofRead MoreA Report On The Video Essay1236 Words   |  5 PagesOn a Wednesday evening at 9:05pm in Minnesota, an African American couple was driving in their car with a four-year-old daughter in the back seat. After being pulled aside by Joronimo Yanez, a police officer, for a broken tail light, Philando Castile, the driver, stopped his car. Officer Yanez asked Castile for his license and registration. Castile handed the officer his car license and registration, but also told him he has a weapon in his car, for which he was licensed to carry. Officer Yanez immediateRead MoreThe Serio us Issues of Poverty and Homelessness in the US1313 Words   |  5 Pageshigher than at any time since the 1930s. Blacks and Hispanics are being affected disproportionately by homelessness, as well as poverty and unemployment in American society. This is just another example of the racial caste system and institutional racism that goes far beyond that of social class, and has always been the case in recessions and indeed with every other social and economic problem in American history. Even though the country elected a black president in 2008, wealth and incomes for minorityRead MorePolice Brutality And Racial Profiling1902 Words   |  8 PagesPolice brutality refers to the intentional utilization of vituperations or extortionate force directed towards a country s citizens by the police force. This extortionate force may be physical or in form of psychological dauntingness. Police brutality is highly evident in many countries all over the world especially in the news where such c ases are reported. It is optically discerned as a form of police malfeasance which involves sexual abuse, police corruption, erroneous apprehends, racial profilingRead MoreCriminal Justice Ethics : Edmund Exley ( Guy Pierce )1101 Words   |  5 Pagesone desires to consider themselves as an ethical person, it s not just about our ethics, it s about what to do when others do things that are unethical also. We truly are our brother s keeper and it policing it s mores o than any place else. Police officers will put their lives on the line for someone in an instant. If we see an officer in trouble on a traffic stop, a fight on the sidewalk or whatever it is, we jump in and put our lives on the line instantly without even thinking about it.Read MoreDr. Johnson s Death Of Death For The Cold Blooded Atrocity1343 Words   |  6 Pagesof history time and time again. Although slavery and Jim Crow now serve as a reminder of America’s dark past, racism still debilitates millions of African-Americans in the twenty-first century. The government continuously justifies the murder and dehumanization of minority groups through the guise of reducing crime in the form of increasingly retributive laws. Thus, in order to combat racism in the United States, the federal government must transform the criminal justice system into an accountableRead MoreBlack Males In America Often Suffer The Consequences Of1318 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican Literature. The book focuses on a young black male who takes a terrible journey after killing a white woman out of fear. Foster writes, â€Å"Political writing that engages the realities of its world- that thinks about human problems, including those in the social and political realm, that addresses the rights of persons and the wrongs of those in power† (110). Foster describes how writing that is considered political deals with injustices of the real world. According to Moskowits, â€Å"In all its

1920s Essay Free Essays

string(29) " poor or born criminal, etc\." 1. Two philosophies, Social Darwinism and eugenics, were two philosophies that affected societal actions from the 1900s well into the late 1920s. Examine the social issue of Social Darwinism and eugenics. We will write a custom essay sample on 1920s Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Assess the consequences these two issues had for individuals and society in general; consider how the fallacy of these two issues was brought to light. (6a) 2. Red Scare- The U. S. experienced inflation at the end of WWI and this inflation resulted in riots and a. What main ideas prompted the Red Scare? b. Compare and contrast the Red Scare with Social Darwinism. (6a) 3. Immigration- Immigration was a contentious issue for the country during the 1920s; the United States passed the National Origins Act in 1929. a. As a citizen of the 1920s, question your congressional representative by assessing the social and economic consequences of this act. (6a) b. Speculate on that you think what the societal impact of present day immigration policies is. 4. Prohibition- The prohibition era was ushered in by the 18th Amendment which outlawed the manufacture, transportation and sale of alcoholic beverages; however, the 21st Amendment repealed the 18th amendment in 1933. (6a) a. Identify the ideas and the historical highlights that led to the Prohibition era. b. Analyze the positive and negative effects of this era. 5. The Changing role of women- The text describes the 1920s as a time of the emergence of the â€Å"New† woman (Carnes 647). a. Evaluate the democratic means used to bring about the passage of the 19th amendment. In other words, what democratic processes were utilized to achieve this victory? (23b) b. Analyze the impact of the 19th amendment which changed the role of women? c. Preview the characteristics of the new woman and describe the impact that technology played in bringing about this change. 6a) d. How are women’s roles changing this today and how does these changes affect men? 6. Urban-Rural conflicts emerged during the 1920s and one of these conflicts was fundamentalism. â€Å"Fundamentalists rejected the theory of evolution as well as advanced the hypotheses on the origins of the universe. † (Carnes: 653). Part of re jecting this theory was to prevent schools from teaching the theory of evolution in science classes. a. Describe the court case mentioned in chapter 24 that tested this issue. b. Distinguish between the roles played by Clarence Darrow and William Jennings. c. Think critically about the evidence presented by both lawyers and prepare questions that you would have asked them had you been the judge in this case. 7. New Technology flourished during the 1920s and brought a measure of prosperity to the country. Among the new technology was the automobile industry which thrived during the 1920s as a result of consumer demands. a. Assess the impact that Henry Ford had on the auto industry and on American society. (6b) b. Assess the impact that the automobile had on society. 8. Aviation Technology- The Great War hastened the evolution of airplane technology. Many new pilots showed off their aviation skills performing aerial acrobats and other adventurous feats at county shows in the 1920s. But an early aviation pioneer, Charles Lindberg, achieved a different type of aviation accomplishment in the 1920s. a. Examine the impact that this event and Lindberg had on the field of aviation and on American society. Thinking Critically In a paragraph, synthesize your thoughts about the cause and effect of the significant events, social issues and individuals of the 1920; consider how this decade contributed to the history of the United States and the identity of its citizens. Intro (revise): The 1920s enabled the United States to assume a greater economic role on the world stage. Unlike the major European powers at the time, the U. S. did not have to rebuild its economic infrastructure following World War I, enabling it to flourish and exhibit influence over many aspects of life during this decade. This included an increase in item production, the emergence of the automobile and the radio, and changes in American social and cultural life. The 1920s were an important decade in American history. This would be the decade that laid the foundation for the journey that would propel the United States to the status of greatest world power. The 1920s had an impact on all parts of the American development. {{Consider: Ninety years ago, the United States was a different place. There were 107 million people living here; life expectancy was 54 years for men and 55 for women; the average annual salary was $1,236, and Gangland crime was rampant in major cities. The Ford automobile was mass produced and one could be had for $290 — although it took 13 days to reach California from New York due to the lack of paved roads. And, On Aug. 26, 1920, women were granted political power for the first time. }} Social Darwinism/Eugenics: Social Darwinism was a popular theory of society that emerged in the late 19th/early 20th century. It was the ideology that people are the products of their social environments– that poverty is in fact a social condition and that people become criminals because of social and economic conditions, etc. It developed the belief that society’s problems were not caused by oppressive economic conditions, but rather that social problems were caused by genetic inferiority. This was adopted by many wealthy and upper-class Americans and was related to the development of the ideology of â€Å"Social Darwinism,† the idea that certain people were â€Å"genetically† more fit and that the more fit legitimately had  the right to rule the inferior. The idea that poverty, crime and ignorance are a product of social conditions was a threat to the dominant members of society because the call was for these dominant members of society to reform their ways to create increased equality for all people. It is out of all of these ideas that the American eugenics programs began, funded by wealthy Americans such as Andrew Carnegie and John Rockefeller. The idea was that people were born poor or born criminal, etc. You read "1920s Essay" in category "Essay examples" They were â€Å"bad seeds†, and thus the problem of poverty was not really a social problem, it was a problem of bloodline, to be fixed by selective breeding programs, forced sterilization, and the maintenance of â€Å"racial purity†. Racial purity was the idea that races â€Å"should not mix† out of the fear that if whites and blacks ixed the inferior black bloodline would â€Å"corrupt† the white bloodline, leading to more crime, poverty, and ignorance. Between 1900 and 1930 in the United States, support for eugenics continued to grow. The fallacy of selective breeding in humans was only realized when the wealthy were suddenly poor, and the reality of genocide had demonstrated the extreme end of eugenics—in other words, with the shock of the Great Depression and the rise of Adolf Hitler in Nazi Germany, which ushered in the Holocaust. But the dissolution of eugenics in the United States was a slow process, because racial discrimination persisted. Involuntary sterilization laws, enacted in the early 1900s, were finally repealed in 1979. The Red Scare: The Red Scare of 1919 occurred at a time when the American people felt threatened by the rising tide of Communism in Russia, widespread labor unrest, and the often bizarre forms of Anarchism and Anarcho-syndicalism that were supported by some recent immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe. The Scare itself was caused by the revelation in April of that year that a militant Communist group existed in the United States, and that it was plotting to send mail bombs to a number of prominent figures in the government (Supreme Court Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, for example) and several rich capitalists (J. P. Morgan and John D. Rockefeller, among others). On June 2nd 1919, bombs exploded in eight different cities within an hour of each other. One of the targets was Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer, whose home was bombed. He was unharmed, but very angry! The most important government response was the beginning of the Palmer Raids. These were a series of mass arrests and deportations of immigrants who were suspected of being Communists or radicals. Between 4,000 and 10,000 individuals were arrested over the next two years. (J. Edgar Hoover, only 24 at the time, was placed in charge of the Raids). Prisoners were questioned without access to attorneys and their bail was often set so high none could afford it. Many were beaten during their arrest or questioning. The raids were initially highly praised by the public and press. In the early years of the 1920s, the scare seemed to disappear as quickly as it had begun. Immigration: Passed in 1924, this law placed a limit on immigration. Americans were becoming outraged at the amount of jobs they were losing to immigrants and there was also a wide-spread panic of potential spies amongst the immigrants. The act sharply restricted the total number of immigrants who could come to the United States and established quotas for various nationality groups. The chief purpose of the act was to limit the number of â€Å"less desirable† immigrants from southern and eastern Europe and from Japan, many of whom had played a vital role in the nation’s industrial development. The Prohibition: Prohibition was a period of nearly fourteen years of U. S. history in which the manufacture, sale, and transportation of liquor was made illegal. It led to the first and only time an Amendment to the U. S. Constitution was repealed. After the American Revolution, drinking was on the rise. To combat this, a number of societies were organized as part of a new Temperance movement which attempted to dissuade people from becoming intoxicated. At first, these organizations pushed moderation, but after several decades, the movement’s focus changed to complete prohibition of alcohol consumption. The Temperance movement blamed alcohol for many of society’s ills, especially crime and murder. Saloons, a social haven for men who lived in the still untamed West, were viewed by many, especially women, as a place of debauchery and evil. Prohibition, members of the Temperance movement urged, would stop husbands from spending all the family income on alcohol and prevent accidents in the workplace caused by workers who drank during lunch. Changing Role of Women: The Nineteenth Amendment gave women the right to vote. It was proposed on June 4, 1919 and ratified on August 18, 1920. Consequently, the impact of this was enormous–it gave to women the same power and control that men had, although still held back by the values of the day. But it did create a strong influence and created a cultural impact. It gave women of the era more confidence and a sense that they could accomplish more. –and a thirst for more freedoms in a world where previously they were considered second class and only as a man’s property. The lifestyle changes of the 1920’s showed how big and important that impact was. Women became much more confident and wanted to utilize this new â€Å"power† in other areas, too. They gave up many of the â€Å"controlling† aspects of the Victorian age, from the long and buttoned up clothes to new aspects of personal freedom–they started to live outside the confines of being a wife and homemaker–women got jobs outside the home, they started playing sports, they shortened their dressed and bobbed their hair–and had fun! The Roaring Twenties was a new age, and an age where women first started enjoying more freedom and influence. That has continued on to this day, although there is still work needed to level the playing field between men and women. Technology: He had a huge impact on society by inventing and mass producing the Model-T car, which made cars all the rage from that point onward. He is basically the father of the modern auto industry. He also helped America out of the Depression when he contributed to build the Hoover Dam, which at the time when it was built was the largest hydro-electric dam in the world. Aviation Technology: Charles A. Lindbergh did not just open a passageway to Europe; he opened up the hopes and interests of people who never thought they would see beyond their continental boundaries. His flight opened up possibilities. Prior to Lindbergh’s transatlantic flight, it seemed travel was confined to the ground or the sea; and even cars and wagons were blocked by waterways or treacherous terrain, and boats exposed to rough seas. Travel had boundaries rior to Lindbergh’s flight across the Atlantic, but after his flight people could see beyond those boundaries. Works Cited: Social Darwinism: Consequences: http://rationalrevolution. net/articles/rise_of_american_fascism. htm http://www. vectorsite. net/taevo_05. html Fallacy brought to light: http://www. freemarketfoundation. com/ShowArticle. asp? ArticleType=PublicationArticleID=170 http://immigration. laws. com/national-origins-act How to cite 1920s Essay, Essay examples